![]() Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 8-1. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983). DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. ![]() Martin, James E., Physics for Radiation Protection 3rd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 4/2013.Stabin, Michael G., Radiation Protection, and Dosimetry: An Introduction to Health Physics, Springer, 10/2010.Knoll, Glenn F., Radiation Detection and Measurement 4th Edition, Wiley, 8/2010.To stabilize itself, it subsequently emits high-energy photons, γ-rays. After an alpha or beta decay, the daughter nucleus is often left in an excited energy state. Beta particles can therefore be emitted with any kinetic energy ranging from 0 to Q. The shape of this energy curve depends on what fraction of the reaction energy ( Q value-the amount of energy released by the reaction) is carried by the massive particle. This characteristic spectrum is caused by the fact that either a neutrino or an antineutrino is emitted with the emission of a beta particle. The beta emission has a characteristic spectrum. This emission is accompanied by the emission of antineutrino (β- decay) or neutrino (β+ decay), which share the energy and momentum of the decay. In the process of beta decay, either an electron or a positron is emitted. For example, the Q-value of typical beta decay is: Q = c 2Īppears as the disintegration energy, liberated in the process. The total rest mass of the daughter nucleus and the nuclear radiation released in a beta disintegration, m Daughter + m Radiation, is always less than that of the parent nucleus, m parent. The emission of a beta particle, either an electron, β –, or a positron, β +, changes the atomic number of the nucleus without affecting its mass number. When describing beta decay (reaction without projectile), the disintegrating nucleus is usually referred to as the parent nucleus and the nucleus remaining after the event as the daughter nucleus. The Q-value of this reaction is given by: This can also be expressed in the notation we have used so far, a + A → B + b, or even in a more compact notation, A(a,b)B. The Q-value of the reaction is defined as the difference between the sum of the rest masses of the initial reactants and the sum of the masses of the final products in energy units (usually in MeV).Ĭonsider a typical reaction in which the projectile a and the target A give place to two products, B and b. In nuclear and particle physics, the energetics of nuclear reactions is determined by the Q-value of that reaction. This transition ( β – decay) can be characterized as: Beta decay or β decay represents the disintegration of a parent nucleus to a daughter through the emission of the beta particle.
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